The temperature of the condensate determines the pressure in the steam condensate side of the condenser. The choice between backpressure turbine and extractioncondensing turbine depends mainly on the quantities of power and heat, quality of heat, and economic factors. The condensing turbine may also have bleed points uncontrolled extractions to satisfy steam demands at medium intermediate continue reading. What is the difference between fully condensing and back. Noncondensing steam turbine archives turbines info. Steam turbines 8 the condensing steam turbine in general use for power production employs a fuel which may be oil, coal, gas or nuclear power, to heat water to a temperature close to the critical point.
Mar 04, 2020 condensation of steam in a closed system, creates an empty place by reduction of volume of the low pressure steam. The condensed steam is collected at the bottom of the condenser and returned to the boiler using feedwater pumps, to begin the waterto steam, steam towater cycle again. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and benefits which are described here in detail. One of the principal advantages of a condensing turbine as compared with any other engine is that a high power output 1,200 megawatts mw and higher can be produced by a single unit. Department of energy steam turbine calculator howto this calculator can be used to produce rough approximations of power andor steam flow given a set of conditions.
The mechanical energy is utilized to generate power. After the steam exits the outlet of the condensing turbine, the steams pressure is so low. It must also deliver steam safely to the turbine under all conditions. Extraction condensing steam turbine pdf steam steam. In a typical condensing steam turbine, the exhausted steam condenses in the condenser and it is at a pressure well below atmospheric absolute pressure of 0. The condensed steam is called condensate and can be again returned to boiler and it saves the cost of water. Non condensing backpressure turbines an extraction steam turbine is a multistage piece of equipment designed to withdraw steam from one or more stages, at one or more pressures to allow for intermediate pressure steam process applications. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. May 05, 2017 all steam turbines can be classified into two categories. This selection of steam turbine combines the advantages of both condensing turbines and extraction steam turbines, and thus is especially suitable for companies that need both power supply and heat load with large variation range. Between the power only output of a condensing steam turbine and the power and steam combination of a back.
Extraction condensing steam turbine pdf applications, steam at lower pressure is extracted from the steam turbine and used directly in a process or for district. It is principally used when power must be generated with minimum steam consumption. The rotor is turned by steam impinging against attached vanes or blades on which it exerts a force in the tangential direction. The first outlet extracts the steam with intermediate pressure for the feeding of the heating process while the second outlet extracts the remaining steam with lowpressure steam for the condensation. Inside a condensing turbine the steam expands below the atmospheric pressure and then condenses while heating the cooling water in a condenser. In a straight condensing type steam turbine, the heat energy of steam is completely converted into mechanical energy torque. Steam turbines are heat engines that operate on the. Other articles where noncondensing turbine is discussed.
In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. Extraction turbines can be either condensing or noncondensing backpressure. Steam, turbine andfeedwater page52 the simplified flowsheet ofthe steam, turbine generatorand feedwater systems is shown in figure 5. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. Steam turbine extraction condensing steam turbine qingneng. In some applications, when required, steam can be extracted from turbine before steam flowing through the last stage, named extraction turbine. Extraction condensing steam turbine pdf free download as pdf file. Extraction condensing turbines steam turbine steam. The following calculation procedures have been provided in this section. The constructional characteristics of these turbines are very similar to condensing turbines from the second admission valve chest it is possible to inject low pressure steam, available in the plant to supply the power required by the plant. The calculation result was provided and compared with the result of the unit with wet cooling technology. Calculation of the choked back pressure for steam turbines.
In devices of the first type, steam is condensed at below atmospheric pressure so as to gain the maximum amount of energy from it. Based on the customer s plant requirements, more than one type of extraction can be obtained from the steam turbine for processes in the plant. All steam turbines can be classified into two categories. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up.
The constructional characteristics of these turbines are very similar to condensing turbines from the second admission valve chest it is possible to inject low pressure steam, available in the plant to supply the power required by. Curtis 4 condensing turbine 5 required condition 6 7p kw5500 8 n rpm 7000 9 pi bar a 100 10 ti c 550 11 extracted pressure bar a 40 12 extracted steam mass flow. Steam system operation although the steam pipework is a fixed system with no moving parts it is subject to various transient conditions. The two types of steam turbines most widely used are the backpressure and the extraction condensing types fig. Goal install a noncondensing backpressure steam turbine that produces energy while. A pressure reducing valve drops the buildings steam pressure. A steam turbine separates the energy source and electrical power generation, making it compatible with various sources of fuels as feedstock coal, biomass, municipal waste, unlike a gas turbine, gas engine, diesel sets etc. Nov 28, 2017 steam condensers and condensate the heat transfer device in which the exhaust steam of a turbine or an engine is condensed by means of cooling water at pressure below atmospheric, is called steam condenser. Back pressure steam turbine is also called as non condensing steam turbine is mostly used in process steam industries or cogeneration plants. The straight condensing type finds application in industries where power generation is prime objective e. Extractioncondensing turbines steam turbines steam. As a result, steam power plants from abb achieve efficiencies in excess of. The two types of steam turbines most widely used are the backpressure and the extractioncondensing types fig. Extraction condensing turbine an overview sciencedirect topics.
Fincantieri also provides condensing steam turbines with controlled extraction. Steam turbine 1 content chapter description page i purpose 2 ii steam turbine types 2 2. M3 steam flow inlet to lp turbine kgh h1enthalpy of steam inlet to hp turbine, kjkg h2enthalpy of steam outlet from hp turbine, kjkg h3enthalpy of steam inlet to ip turbine, kjkg h4enthalpy of steam outlet from ip turbine, kjkg h5enthalpy of steam inlet to lp turbine, kjkg h6enthalpy of steam outlet from lp turbine, kjkg. Thus a steam turbine could be viewed as a complex series of windmilllike arrangements, all assembled on the same shaft. Logo steam turbine calculation sheet steam consumption no. Advanced steam turbine technology for improved operating. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be.
The non condensing steam turbine uses highpressure steam for the rotation of blades. The steam turbine designs are scalable, and can be design to suit any application. This pressure is called the turbine backpressure and is usually a vacuum. Extraction condensing steam turbine the extraction turbine. The extraction condensing turbines are used when a constant pressure steam flow has to be extracted for process purposes. Condensing turbine article about condensing turbine by the. Extraction condensing steam turbine manufacturer types of. Extraction turbines can be either condensing or non condensing backpressure.
Practical steam turbine performance calculations using flex lives steam flex routine or by manual methods a steam turbine s power andor efficiency can be quickly and accurately calculated using flexwares steam flex steam properties program. Can be used for noncondensing type turbines and the highpressure section of an extraction steam turbine plus it may be possible to use for. Extractioncondensing turbines are employed when steady power generation and steam extraction at a fixed pressure is required. A steam turbine consists of a rotor resting on bearings and enclosed in a cylindrical casing. In the efficient use of energy second edition, 1982. Energy performance assessment of cogeneration and turbine bureau of energy. In addition, a control system is needed and emission reduction hardware may be required depending on local air quality requirements. Condensing, noncondensing, extraction, induction, and various combinations available to achieve the best process heat balance. Most modern power stations operate at a steam feed temperature of between 500 and 540c and a steam pressure of 1114 mpa. Sequential examples, with illustrations, extraction maps and simplified calculations are then given. The condensing turbines take high pressure steam, expand it in turbine nozzles and blades, and exhaust it to a condenser at lower than atmospheric pressure. In doing so, energy is consumed rather than produced. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. It converts a part of the energy of high temperature and high pressure steam into mechanical energy or shaft work.
The turbine has seven bleeder connections for regenerative feed. The extraction points of steam from the turbine could be more than one, depending on the temperature levels of. Condensing steam turbine generator manufacturer steam. It will be necessary to obtain the following operating data from the field. Please note that this is a generic tool developed by the us department of energy, and that more precise results for elliott steam turbine generators with controlled andor. Advanced steam turbine technology for improved operating efficiency steam turbine efficiency has risen steadily in recent years, largely due to progress in the materials area, improvements to the development software and blade geometries, and modern production methods. For large industrial chp applications, an extractioncondensing type of steam turbine can. Extraction condensing steam turbine pdf steam steam engine. Extraction type turbines are common in all applications. The extraction turbine contains two outlets as shown in figure 1. In noncondensing turbines, steam leaves the turbine at. Exhaust steam conditions, extraction and admission 7 6.
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